Basic information about blood pressure
Blood pressure curve is periodical and synchronous with the contraction of the
left heart chamber which does create the pressure. The curve is progressively
modified from the aorta up to peripheral arteries. Two types of blood pressure
are distinguished – systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The systolic blood
pressure depends on the volume of blood discharged from the left heart chamber,
but also on the elasticity of arteries, especially the aorta. The diastolic
pressure is lower if the diastole is longer and the resistance of the periphery
weaker.
The blood pressure level is even, dependant on the left heart chamber striking
blood volume (Q) and periphery resistance in blood vessels (R).P = Q x R.
Arterial blood pressure of the man, as with the majority of mammals, remains
within certain (normal) limits in different positions and physiologic situations
of his body. Blood pressure remains under control even during physical efforts,
longer standing position or walking, and even during certain (minor) bleeding.
The pressure which exists within the blood system makes it possible for the
supply of O2 and nutrients, and for elimination of the resulting waste products
of cells of all tissues. Claude Bernard (1872), emphasized the importance of
blood pressure regulation for the maintenance of the stability and composition
of extra cellular liquid and normal content and activity of cells of all
tissues.
Disorders of regulation of the peripheral vascular system adaptation, as in the
case of occurrence of peripheral vasoconstriction, or critical blood pressure
increase or drop, may endanger not only the life of an organ, but also the life
of the relevant living being.
General characteristics of blood pressure
Blood pressure curve is periodical and synchronous with the contraction of the
left heart chamber which does create the pressure. The curve is modified
progressively (gradually), starting form the aorta up to peripheral arteries.
Their peak is relatively at the same level also in the thoracal aorta, then it
is progressively (gradually) decreasing and in distal blood vessels it does not
exceed 20 mmHg of the maximum pressure in the aorta.
Primary hypertension
Primary arterial hypertension (PAH), may be understood as polygenic transfer of
predisposition for this disease. There are many components (certain factors),
let's call them risk factors, which, individually, or in different combinations,
may cause PAH. Genetic code surely plays an important role. The nervous system,
including psycho-emotional situations, either chronic or acute, also leads
toward disorder of the blood pressure regulation, and finally to PAH. An
important role is the one of negative feedback. However, even positive feedback
may lead (depending on situation) toward development of unfavourable situation.
There are three important factors leading toward PAH:
First, the polygenic factor, as a trigger of the process of
development of increased blood pressure;
Kao drugi su zbir svih riziko faktora iz sredine, podložnih osoba, za nastanak
PAH.
Second, the sum of all risk factors from the environment, having
impact on people with predisposition for the occurrence of PAH;
Third, the interaction of these risk factors from the environment
having impact on people with predisposition for hypertension.
An important (fundamental) question is in which way all the three factors
initiate the process (system) of the occurrence of hypertension. It is
particularly important, and it is the subject of this presentation, to answer
how they can be eliminated, or how their effects can be diminished.
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